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—fromThequestofHappiII）
&randRussell
[1]Whetherworkshouldbeplagthecausesofhappinessthecausesofunhappinessmayperhapsberegardedasdoubtfulquestioainlymuchworkwhichisexglyirksome，andanexcessofworkisalainful.Ithiprovidedworkisnotexamouhedullestworkistomostpeoplelesspainfulthahereareinwrades，frommerereliefoftediumuptotheprofous，agtotheheworkaiesoftheworker.Mostoftheeoplehavetodoiseresting，butevensuchworkhasgreatadvaobeginwith，itfillsagoodmanyhoursofthedaywithouttheneedofdegwhatoneshalldo.Mostpeople，whefreetofilltheirowntimeagtotheirchoice，areatalosstothinkofanythingsuffitlypleasahdoiofillleisureihelastproductofcivilization，averyfewpeoplehavereachedthislevel.Moreovertheexerciseofchoiitselftiresome.Excepttopeoplewithunusualiispositivelyagreeabletobetoldwhattodoateachhouroftheday，providedtheordersarenottoou.Mostoftheidlerichsufferunspeakableboredomasthepriceoftheirfreedery.AttimestheymayfiingbiggameinAfrica，orbyflyingroundtheworld，butthenumberofsusationsislimited，especiallyafteryouthispast.Aglythemoreiriworknearlyashardasiftheywerepoor，whileriepartkeepthemselvesbusyiriflesofwhoseearth-shakingimportaheyarefirmlypersuaded.
[2]Workthereforeisdesirable，firsta，asapreventiveofboredom，fortheboredomthatamanfeelswhenheisdoihoughuingworkisasnothinginparisonwiththeboredomthathefeelswhehingtodowithhisdays.Withthisadvantageofworkanotherisassoamelythatitmakesholidaymuchmoredelitheyahavetoworksohardastor，heislikelytofindfarmorezestihananidlemancouldpossiblyfind.
[3]Thesetageofmostpaidworkandofsomeunpaidworkisthatitgivescesofsudopportunitiesforambition.Inmostworksuccessismeasuredbyineandwhileoursotihisisiisoworkisedthatthismeasureceasestobethenaturalooapply.Thedesirethatmeoiheirieasmuchadesireforsuccessasforextrafortsthatahigherineprocure.Howeverdullworkmaybe，itbeesbearableifitisameansofbuildiioheworldatlargeoronlyinone’sowinuityofpurposeisoessentialisofhappihelongrun，andformostmenthiseschieflythroughtheirwork.Ihosewomenwhoselivesareoccupiedwithhouseworkaremuchlessfortuhanorkoutsidethehome.Thedomesticatedwifedoesnotreceivewages，hasteriakenfrantedbyherhusbaiothingofwhatshedoes），andisvaluedbyhimnotforherhouseworkbutforquiteotherqualities.Ofcoursethisdoesnotapplytothosewomenwhoaresuffitlywell-to-dotomakebeautifulhousesaifulgardeheenvyhbors;butsueivelyfew，amajorityhouseworkasmuchassatisfaasworkofotherkindsbrioprofessionalwomen.
[4]Thesatisfaofkillingtimeandsomeoutlethowevermodest，forambitioomostwork，andissuffiakeevenamanwhoseworkisdullhappierohanamanwhohasnoworkatall.ButwhenworkisiiscapableofgivingsatisfaherorderthanmererelieffromtediuThekindsofworkinwhichthereissomeimaybearrangedinahierarchy.Ishallbeginwiththosewhiildlyiihosethatareworthytoabsorbthewhiesofagreatman.
[5]Twochiefelemeeresting:first，theexerciseofskill，andsestru.
[6]Everymanwhohasaeunusualskillenjituntilithasbeatterofcourse，oruntilheprovehimself.Thismotivetoactivitybeginsinearlychildhood:aboywhodonhisheadbeesreluttostandodealivesthesamepleasurethatistobederivedfromgamesofskill.Theworkofalaolitimustamoredeleagreatdealofthesamepleasurethatistobederivedfromplayingbridge.Hereofcoursethereisnotonlytheexerciseofskillbuttheoutwittingofaskilledoppohispetitiveeleme，however，theperformanceofdifficultfeatsisagreeable.Amanwhodostuntsinanaeroplahatpleasuresogreatthatforthesakeofitheiswillingtoriskhislife.Iimagianablesurgeon，ihepainfulwhichhisworkisdoisfatheexquisitepreofhisoperations.Thesamekihoughienseform，istobederivedfromagreatdealofworkofahumblerkind.Allskilledleasurable，providedtheskillrequirediseithervariableorcapableofieimprovemeio，itwillceasetwhenamanhasacquiredhismaximumskill.Amanwhorunsthree-mileraceswillceasetofindpleasureinthisowheheageatwhibeathisownpreviousrecord.Fortuhereisaverysiderableamountofcesewskillandamanproving，atailhehasreachedmiddleage.Insomekindsofskilledwork，suchaspolitiple，itseemsthatmeheirbestbetweensixtyahereasoinsuchosawideexperiehermaial.Forthisreasonsuccessfulpolitisareapttobehappierattheageofseventythananyothermenofequalage.Theiroorsiarethemeheheadsofbigbusinesses.
[7]Thereis，however，apossessedbythebestwork，whimoreimportantasasourceofhappihanistheexerciseofskill.Thereistheelementofstruess.Ihoughbynomeansinmost，somethingisbuiltupwhisasamoheworkispleted.Wemaydistinguishstrudestrubythefollowing.Instrutheinitialstateofaffairsisparativelyhaphazard，whilethefinalstateofaffairsembodiesapurpose.Iiohecase;theinitialstateofaffairsembodiesapurpose，whilethefinalstateofaffairsishaphazard，thatistosay，allthatisihedestroyeristoproduceastateofaffairswhibodyapurpose.Thisappliesieralandobviousamelythestruddestruofbuildings.Instrugabuildingapreviouslymadeplaniscarriedout，whereasiroyingitnoolyhowthematerialsaretoliewheionispleted.Destruisofecessaryveryoftenasapreliminarytosubsequentstruthatcaseitispartofawholewhistructive.Butlyamanwilleivitiesofwhichthepurposeisdestructivewithardtoanystruayeafter.Frequentlyhewillcealthisfromhimselfbythebeliefthatheisonlysweepingawayiobuildafresh，butitgenerallypossibletounmaskthispreteisapretense，byaskinghimwhatthesubsequentstruistobe.Onthissubjectitwillbefoundthathewillspeakvaguelyandwithoutenthusiasm，whereasontheprelimiionhehasspokenpredwithzest.Thisappliestoionariesandmilitaristsalesofvioleuated，usuallywithouttheirownkred:thedestruofwhattheyhateistheirrealpurpose，andtheyareparativelyihequestionwhatistoeafterit.NowIythatintheworkofdestruasintheworkofstruaybejoy.Itisafiercerjoy，perhapsatmomeeislessprofoundlysatisfyiheresultisoneinwhichlittlesatisfaistobefound.Youkillyourenemy，andwhenheisdeadyouroisgohesatisfathatyouderivefromvictoryquicklyfades.Theworkofstrutheotherhaed，isdelightfultoplate，andmoreoverisneversofullypletethatthereisnothiodoaboutit.Themostsatisfactorypurposesarethosethatleadoelyfromooaeveringtoadeadend;andiwillbefoundthatstruisagreatersourceofhappihaiowouldbemorecorrecttosaythatthosewhofindsatisfastrudiisfatheloversofdestrufiion，forifonceyouhavebeefilledwithhateyouwillnoteasilyderivefromstruthepleasurewhianwouldderivefromit.
AfterYouRead
KnowledgeFocus
1.Pairwork:Discussthefollowiionswithyourpartner.
1）What，agtotheauthor，aretheadvantagesofdoingworkwhiitselfdullaing?
2）Whatreasivewhehatmostpeoplearereluttodecidewhattodoforthemselves?
3）Whichdoyouthinkismoreunbearable，idlenessorbtediouswork?Why?
4）Whatmakestheauthorthinkthathousewivesarelessfortuhanwoutsidehome?Doyouagreewithhim?Givereasons.
5）Whatkindofskilledworkofferuouspleasuretotheworker?
6）HowdoesRusselldefiruddestru?
7）Whatis，inRussell’sview，themostpowerfulmotiveforwork?
8）Whatdoyouthisthatmakew?
2.Solowork:Decidewhetherthefollowirue（T）orfalse（F）agtowhatyoulearellwhy.
____1）Thereislymuchworkwhichisexglyirksome.
____2）Mostoftheeoplehavetodinitself，andsuchworkhasgreatadvantages.
____3）Mostpeople，whefreetofilltheirowntimeagtotheirchoice，areatalosstothinkofwhattodo.
____4）Tobeabletofillleisureihelastproductofcivilization.
____5）Aglythemoreiriworkhardlyashardasiftheywerepoor.
____6）Workthereforeisdesirable，firsta，asa.
____7）Aageofmostpaidworkandofsomeunpaidworkisthatitgivescesofsuccess.
____8）Thedesirethatmeoiheiriasstrongasthedesireforsuccess.
____9）Womenwhoselivesareoccupiedwithhouseworkaremuchlessfortuhanmen.
____10）Twochiefelemeeresting:first，theexerciseofskill，andsed，destru.
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